10 longest river in the world.

There has long been disagreement as to whether the Amazon or the Nile is the world�s longest river. The length of a river is hard to calculate. It depends on the identification of the source, the identification of the mouth, and the precise measurement of the river length between source and mouth.

As a result, the length measurements of many rivers are only approximations. Here I have compiled some of the longest river in the world. I hope you will like it.

1.Nile
The longest river in the world, the river Nile, starts at the Tributaries of Lake Victoria, Africa and runs into the Mediterranean Sea. It is 4180 miles long.

2.Amazon
The Amazon River starts in Glacier-fed lakes, Peru and ends in the Atlantic Ocean. It is approximately 3912 miles long.

3.Mississippi
The Mississippi river�s source begins at the Source of Red Rock,Montana and ends in the Gulf of Mexico. It is 3710 miles long.

4.Yangtze
The Chang Jiang or Yangtze River begins at the Tibetan plateau,China and leads to the China Sea. It is 3602 miles long.

5.Ob
The river Ob starts at the Altai Mountains, Russia and ends at the Gulf of Ob. It is 3459 miles long.

6.Huang He
The Huang He or Yellow river, one of the longest rivers in the world, begins its journey in the Eastern part of the Kunlan Mountains, West China and ends in the Gulf of Chihli. It is about 2900 miles long.

7.Yenisei
The Yenisei River begins in the Tannu-Ola Mountains, western uva, Russia eventually running to the Arctic Ocean. It is about 2800 miles long.

8.Parana
The Parana River in Argentina starts its journey from the Confluence of Paranaiba and Grande rivers and terminates at the R�o de la Plata. It is 2795 miles long.

9.Irtish
The Irtish River�s source lies in the Altai Mountains, Russia and joins the Ob River over 2,700 miles away. Irtish River is about 2758 miles long.

10.Zaire
The last entry on our list of the top ten longest rivers in the world is the Zaire or Congo River, which starts at the Confluence of Lualab and Luapula rivers, Congo and runs into the Atlantic Ocean.It is about 2716 miles long.

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10 List of Desert Around the World.

Areas which receive as low as 250 millimeters of rainfall annually
are attributed as deserts.These areas receive little or no precipitation at all and have vegetation which ranges from being
sparse to none. Deserts are classified into various types, based on their geographical location. The types of deserts include trade
wind deserts, mid-latitude deserts, rain shadow deserts, coastal deserts, monsoon deserts, polar deserts, paleodeserts and
extraterrestrial deserts. Currently, it is accepted that one-fifth of the earth's surface is covered by these sandy barren lands.

So let's know some important facts about these major deserts in the following deserts of the world list.

10 List of Deserts Around the World

1. Antarctica Desert
With a whooping 13,829,430 square kilometers, Antarctica is the largest in the deserts of the world list. Situated in the Antarctic region of the southern hemisphere, this desert is also the fifth
largest of the seven continents of the world. An amazing fact about Antarctica is that it increases in its size during winter, due to the build up of sea ice around the coasts. More than 99% of the area is covered with ice and as on 21st July, 1983, the lowest temperature which was recorded in this continent was a chilling
-89.20C.

2. Sahara Desert
The world's largest among the hot deserts around the world and covering an area of 91,000,000 square kilometers, the Sahara
desert is known to be homed by 4 million people. In its northern parts, the desert has a sub tropical climate and in the south,a tropical one. The Sahara desert plants include grass, shrubs and trees. Cape hare, desert hedgehog, Barbary sheep, oryx, gazelle,deer, wild ass, baboon, hyena, jackal, sand fox, weasel and mongoose constitute the Sahara desert animals. Read more on Sahara desert facts.

3. Arabian Desert
This desert covers an area of 2,300,000 and stretches from Yemen to the Persian Gulf and Oman to Jordan and Iraq.
Calligonum crinitum, cornulaca arabica, cyperus conglomeratus are the typical plants of this desert and the wildlife include dromedary camel, dung beetle, civet, Egyptian vulture, flamingo,fox, gazelle, hare, hedgehog, arabian horse, hyena, ibex and jackal.

4. Gobi Desert
The word 'Gobi' itself means desert.Temperature ranges from -40 C in winter and 40 C in summer. Black-tailed gazelles,
marbled polecats, bactrian camels,Mongolian wild ass and sandplovers are the typical animals of this desert and sparse vegetation include bushes and a dozen kinds of grasses and herbs.

5. Kalahari Desert
The Kalahari desert is largely covered by reddish sand and has an area of 900,000 square kilometers. Apart from different types of reptiles and birds, this desert is home to brown hyenas, lions,meerkats and several species of antelope. Dry grassland and scrubby acacias constitutes the vegetation.

6. Patagonian Desert
The Patagonian desert is the largest desert in America and occupies 670,000 square kilometers. The climate is divided into 7 months of summer and 5 months of winter. The burrowing owl,lesser rhea, guanaco, tuco-tuco, mara and different species of eagle and hawk can be found in this region. Desert shrubs, tuft grass and aquatic grass on the outskirts are common to the Patagonian desert.

7. Great Victoria Desert
The largest desert in Australia having an area of 64,7000 square kilometers. Marble gums, mulga and spinifex grass comprise the typical vegetation of this desert and rock wallabies, parrots,snakes, wild camels, lizards and bilbies, comprise the wild life.

8. Great Basin Desert
492,000 square kilometers is the area occupied by the Great Basin desert. This basin is a series of a myriad of watersheds such as the Great Salt lake, Hamlin valley, Snake valley, Pine valley, Wah Wah valley, Tule valley , Rush valley and many more. Kit fox,coyote, skunk, black-tailed jackrabbit, ground squirrels, kangaroo
rat and many species of mice are the common inhabitants of this desert. The vegetation includes restricted range of plants from cactus, sage brush to saltbush species.

9.Chihuahua Desert
The second largest desert in North America, the Chihuahua desert covers a large area of about 629,000 square kilometers. The desert has a mild temperature which ranges from 35 � 400C.
Unlike other deserts, it is biologically more diverse and includes plants such as Agave, Creosote Bush, Mesquite Tree, Prickly Pear,
Sotol, Peyote and Lechuguilla. It has a wide range of animal species ranging from desert cottontail, black-tailed jack rabbit,
cactus mouse, kit fox, cactus wren to greater roadrunner. Reptiles
include mojave rattlesnake, coachwhip snake and new mexican whiptail lizard. Red-spotted toads and barred tiger salamander can also be found on this desert.

10. Sonoran Desert
The Sonoran desert is said to cover 310,000 squares kilometers and is the wettest desert in the deserts of the world list. Also
referred to as the Gila desert, its wildlife comprises of javelina,bobcat, skunk, jackrabbit, coyote, Mexican wolf and cottontail.This desert is also known for the famous saguaro cactus which
grows only in this place. Plants from agave family, palm family,cactus family, legume family and many others are all part of the flora of the Sonoran desert.

So you can see that there are no major differences between the environment and habitat among the different types of deserts which have been briefly described in the above deserts of the world list. These deserts do not have much to offer when it comes to the different factors which are necessary for survival.
However, they are still inhabited by different living species and have retained their attraction for those few desert lovers!

READ MORE - 10 List of Desert Around the World.

Sahara Desert Fact.

Sahara Desert Facts:

The Sahara desert covers around 9,000,000 square kilometers and the overall area is as large as the continental United States. The Sahara desert also has the reputation of being the world �s largest
hot desert!

The landforms in this desert often undergo constant change.
These landforms are shaped as per the direction of the wind and the occasional rainfalls.Although being a desert area, one can notice annual rainfall in many regions of this vast land area. There are different climates witnessed in different regions such as the subtropical climate in
the northern land where as a tropical climate in the southern area.

Over the years, the climate of the Sahara desert has undergone humungous changes. This desert therefore, is known for its harsh climates so typical of all deserts!

This hot desert has annual temperatures that can exceed 30 degrees C. Some of the hottest months have temperatures
exceeding 50 degrees C. In the winters, the temperatures drop below freezing points. This itself explains the diverse climates of this hot desert.

Studies have revealed the changing size of the Sahara desert!
Observations made with the help of satellite photographs have proven this desert can shrink or even grow in size.

The Sahara desert is home to quite a few species of animals.Camels and goats are the only ones amongst the domesticated
animals one may see out here. Apart from these, the Saharan cheetah, the sand vipers, scorpions and monitor lizards can be found out here.

This desert has some of the tallest sand dunes and these can reach 189 meters in height. The land area also has stone plateaus,large gravel plains, dry valleys and even sand flats.

The Sahara desert has around 500 species of flora. These consist of mainly ephemeral plants known locally as Acheb. At some oases, close to the Nile Valley, one can find olive trees growing out
here. Vegetation is found in areas where the ground water reaches the surface of the land.

This place has mainly nomadic groups of people that move from place to place. Nomads wear a particular headdress known as Howli. These people are mainly engaged in trading and hunting.
The low population is due to the rather difficult conditions seen in the Sahara desert.

The Sahara desert stretches over areas of Northern Africa, from the Red Sea to the areas close to the outskirts of the Atlantic
Ocean. This desert shares it boundaries with the Atlas Mountains,the Mediterranean Sea, Egypt, Sudan and valley of the Niger River.

Emi Koussi is the highest peak that is seen in the Tibesti Mountains.This peak has a height of 3415 m.Farming is being practiced in certain areas of the Sahara desert with the help of drought-resistant plants. Some areas of this land have been transformed in order to prevent soil erosion.

This mysterious and vast place also has some of the most magnificent landscapes and despite harsh weather, it has attracted people to study details associated with the Sahara desert. This
desert is more than a hot and dry place, it is one of the most remarkable areas known to man!

READ MORE - Sahara Desert Fact.

Atlantis adalah Indonesia ?.

Atlantis, kita banyak mendengar tentang kota ini, yang konon memiliki peradaban yang sangat tinggi, tapi kemudian hilang
karena ditelan bencana besar.Legenda yang berkisah tentang �Atlantis�, pertama kali ditemui dalam karangan filsafat Yunani kuno: Dua buah catatan
dialog Plato (427-347 SM) yakni: buku Critias dan Timaeus.

Beberapa hipotesis merupakan hipotesis arkeologi atau ilmiah,sementara lainnya berdasarkan fisika atau lainnya. Banyak tempat usulan yang memiliki kemiripan karakteristik dengan kisah Atlantis (air, bencana besar, periode waktu yang relevan), tetapi tidak ada yang berhasil dibuktikan sebagai kisah sejarah Atlantis yang sesungguhnya.

Kebanyakan lokasi yang diusulkan berada atau di sekitar Laut Tengah atau disekitar Laut Hitam. Beberapa hipotesis yang lain
menyatakan Atlantis berada pada pulau yang telah tenggelam di Eropa Utara,atau di Laut Utara. Beberapa telah mengusulkan Al-Andalus atau Irlandia sebagai lokasi. Kepulauan Canary juga
dinyatakan sebagai lokasi yang mungkin, sebelah barat selat Gibraltar tetapi dekat dengan Laut Tengah. Berbagai kepulauan di Atlantik juga dinyatakan sebagai lokasi yang mungkin,terutama Kepulauan Azores. Pulau Spartel yang telah tenggelam di selat Gibraltar juga telah diusulkan.

Hingga pada akhir th 2005, Prof. Arysio Santos yang menerbitkan buku yang menggemparkan : �Atlantis the Lost Continents Finally Found�.
Didalam buku tersebut, secara tegas dinyatakannya bahwa lokasi Atlantis yang hilang sejak kira-kira 11.600 tahun yang lalu itu adalah di Indonesia. Beliau menunjukkan perbandingan yang
menunjukkan Indonesia adalah lokasi Atlantis yang hilang dibandingkan lokasi-lokasi perkiraan sebelumnya.

Dalam buku ini beliau membandingkan berdasarkan : Sistem irigasi, Keberadaan mammoth/gajah, Ukuran benua, Iklim Tropis,Keberadaan Kelapa dan Nanas, Konstruksi Megalitikum, Kekayaan
tambang dan lain-lain.
( http://atlan.org/articles/checklist)

Ilmu yang digunakan Santos dalam menelusur lokasi Atlantis ini adalah ilmu Geologi, Astronomi, Paleontologi, Archeologi,Linguistik, Ethnologi, dan Comparative Mythology.Plato bercerita bahwa Atlantis adalah sebuah negara makmur dengan emas, batuan mulia, dan �mother of all civilazation� dengan
kerajaan berukuran benua yang menguasai pelayaran,perdagangan, menguasai ilmu metalurgi, memiliki jaringan irigasi,dengan kehidupan berkesenian, tarian, teater, musik, dan
olahraga.

Warga Atlantis yang semula merupakan orang-orang terhormat dan kaya, kemudian berubah menjadi ambisius. Para dewa kemudian menghukum mereka dengan mendatangkan banjir,letusan gunung berapi, dan gempa bumi yang sedemikian dahsyatnya sehingga menenggelamkan seluruh benua itu.

Kisah-kisah sejenis atau mirip kisah Atlantis ini yang berakhir dengan
bencana banjir dan gempa bumi, ternyata juga ditemui dalam kisah-kisah sakral tradisional di berbagai bagian dunia, yang
diceritakan dalam bahasa setempat.
Menurut Santos, ukuran waktu yang diberikan Plato 11.600 tahun SM, secara tepat bersamaan dengan berakhirnya Zaman Es Pleistocene, yang juga menimbulkan bencana banjir dan gempa
yang sangat hebat. Bencana ini menyebabkan punahnya 70% dari
species mamalia yang hidup saat itu, termasuk kemungkinan juga dua species manusia : Neandertal dan Cro-Magnon.

Sebelum terjadinya bencana banjir itu, pulau Sumatera, pulau Jawa, Kalimantan dan Nusa Tenggara masih menyatu dengan
semenanjung Malaysia dan benua Asia .
Sulawesi, Maluku dan Irian masih menyatu dengan benua Australia dan terpisah dengan Sumatera dan lain-lain itu. Kedua
kelompok pulau ini dipisahkan oleh sebuah selat yang mengikuti garis �Wallace�.

Posisi Indonesia terletak pada 3 lempeng tektonis yang saling menekan, yang menimbulkan sederetan gunung berapi mulai dari Sumatera, Jawa, Nusa Tenggara, dan terus ke Utara sampai ke
Filipina yang merupakan bagian dari �Ring of Fire�. Hingga terjadinya letusan gunung berapi secara berurutan, yang menyebabkan melelehnya lapisan es dan menimbulkan gempa dan tsunami yang menenggelamkan dataran rendah.

Benarkah hypothesis itu?? Dengan kecanggihan teknologi saat ini,yang memungkinkan pencarian di kedalaman laut, kebenaran seluruh hypothesis yang pernah ada tentang Atlantis mungkin
akan segera terungkap..

Bagaimana menurut anda? Benarkah bangsa Indonesia adalah keturunan bangsa Atlantis yang terselamatkan??

Sumber: http://www.beritaterkinionline.com/2009/10/benarkah-
indonesia-adalah-atlantis-yang-hilang.html

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Atlantis the Myisterius Lost City

Around 350 BC, Plato wrote about a beautiful island in the Atlantic Ocean that went under the ocean waves in one day and one night. It took two books to describe the history and details of this almost magical island.

For years people have been looking for this mysterious lost city, Atlantis.
Plato describes the Atlantians as great engineers and architects. There were palaces, harbors, temples and docks. The capital city was built on a hill and surrounded by rings of water, which were joined by tunnels large enough for a ship to sail through. A huge canal connected the outer rings of water to the ocean. On the outskirts of the capital city there were huge fields where farmers grew the city's food. Past the field there were mountains where wealthy villagers lived. Plato goes great detail about the amazing buildings - complete with hot and cold fountains, shared dining halls and stone walls covered with precious metals.

For over two thousand years the story of Atlantis was just a story. Then, in the late 1800s, an American named Ignatius
Donnelly became fascinated with the story and wrote a book called Atlantis, the Antediluvian World, which became a
bestseller. Ignatius studied flood history from Egypt to Mexico and believed that Plato was recording an actual natural disaster.

Since then, several books have been written about the lost city.
The most believable theory about Atlantis came from the Greek archaeologist Angelos Galanopoulos in the late '60s. He
theorized that around 1500 BCE, a massive eruption from a volcano ripped apart the island of Santorini in the Mediterranean and probably wiped out most of the civilization on the Greek islands and regions of Greece. Angelos suggested
this disaster is the one that sank Atlantis. If this is so, then he must have his dates wrong - or does he? He reasons that when
the story was being translated, the Egyptian symbol for 100 (a coiled rope) was mistaken for the symbol for 1000 (a lotus flower). This changes the date from 9000 years ago to 900 years ago. The only thing wrong with this explanation is that Plato specifically said the city was near the Pillars of Hercules, which are thought to be nowhere near Greece.

The exact location of the lost city of Atlantis has been questioned by many people, like British Royal Air Force photo
interpreter J.M. Allen. He is convinced Atlantis is in Altiplano, near the Andes Mountains, in Bolivia. The famous psychic channeler Edgar Cayce believed the remains would be found off the coast of
Florida near Bimini Island. Other people think it's lost somewhere in Central America, the China Sea or Africa. Others believe that Atlantis is nothing more than a myth.

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